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Sprained ankle: how to treat it at home, and when it needs to be seen

Most ankle sprains heal well with the right early care. A few hide a fracture or a ligament injury that needs specialist attention.

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A young athlete sprinting on an outdoor running track

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The short answer

Protect the ankle, use ice and elevation for the first two days, then start moving it gently. Get it checked if you cannot take four steps, there is tenderness over the bone, or it keeps giving way weeks later.

An ankle sprain is a stretch or tear of the ligaments on the outside of the ankle, usually from rolling the foot inwards. It is one of the most common sports injuries, and also happens on uneven roads and steps.

The first 48 hours

  • Protect the ankle and avoid activities that cause sharp pain.
  • Ice for 15 to 20 minutes every two to three hours, with a cloth between the ice and skin.
  • Elevate the foot above the level of your heart when resting.
  • Compress with an elastic bandage if it helps the swelling, loosening it if your toes tingle.

After the first few days

Start moving the ankle gently and walk as comfort allows. Balance and strengthening exercises are important: ankles that are not rehabilitated properly are more likely to sprain again.

When it needs to be seen

See a specialist if you cannot bear weight, if pressing on the bony bumps of the ankle is very painful, or if the ankle still feels unstable or keeps rolling weeks later. These can indicate a fracture or a significant ligament injury that needs a structured rehabilitation plan, and occasionally surgical repair.

Get medical help urgently if

  • You cannot take four steps on the injured foot
  • The ankle looks deformed or the pain is severe
  • The foot is numb, cold or pale

Go to the nearest hospital emergency department. Do not wait for a clinic appointment.

This article is general information, not a diagnosis. For advice about your own symptoms, book a consultation with a specialist.

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